Exploring Africa, just a moment...
Football in Africa: A Legacy of Unity and Passion
Article Summary
- Football is more than a sport in Africa; it is a cultural phenomenon that unites people across the continent. The game has become Africa’s most beloved sport, and it was introduced by European colonizers.
- AFCON has become the heart of African football, producing legendary players and intense rivalries
- Key tournaments, including Nigeria’s 1996 Olympic gold and Morocco’s 2022 World Cup semi-final run, have proven Africa’s growing strength in football, yet the dream of winning the World Cup remains unfulfilled.
- While Africa produces world-class players, challenges like infrastructure and investment hinder progress. CAF (Confederation of African Football) and national federations must work together to create better conditions for African teams to compete and win the World Cup.
Football is more than just another sport in Africa. It’s become part of our legacy and way of life. You can see it everywhere, on the street corners, the dusty fields, the crowded markets, and the bustling schoolyards.
The beautiful game, as we all know it, transcends barriers, uniting people across cultures, languages, and backgrounds. Whether the kids on the streets of Lagos playing barefoot with makeshift goalposts or the FNB Stadium in Johannesburg roaring with excitement as thousands cheer on their teams, that round leather material creates magic.
The game of football was Introduced by European colonizers in the 1860s. The first recorded football match in Africa took place in 1862 in South Africa, played between civil servants and soldiers. This match had no set rules; it was played purely for enjoyment and morale.
By the 20th century, football took on another turn as rivalries between nations grew, local talents rose to fame, and the groundwork was laid for the competitions that would put African football on the global stage.
As South Africa campaigned to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Nelson Mandela discussed football's deep connection with Africa. He said, 'Sport has the power to inspire and unite people. In Africa, soccer is popular and has a particular place in people's hearts.'
His vision was vividly realized when South Africa eventually hosted the 2010 Copa Mundial, marking a historic moment as the tournament graced African soil for the first time.
Let’s dive deeper into how football became Africa’s greatest sporting passion.
Outline
How The AFCON (African Cup of Nations) Became The Heart of African Football
Tournaments That Defined African Football
Players Who Put Africa on the Global Stage
Best Football Leagues in Africa
Africa’s Football BackStory
In its early days, football in Africa had some elements of soccer and rugby and was played informally.
In 1863, rules for the game and association were introduced. With the introduction of official regulations, football gained a structured identity across Africa. The game’s popularity spread rapidly through the military, railways, and missionaries.
In 1882, after football became an official sport, Africa’s first and longest-running football clubs were founded. Savages FC is in South Africa, and Gezira SC is in Egypt. These clubs continued to uphold the game in Africa until 1890, when Alexandria FC was founded in Egypt. In 1897, CAL Oran was established in Algeria.
By the early 20th century, football had spread across the continent, reaching Central Africa in 1930. However, right before the Confederation of African Football (CAF) was formed, footfall in Africa faced significant challenges. Many young players were exploited, and superstitious practices, including ritual sacrifices, became widespread as teams sought supernatural advantages on the field.
How The AFCON (African Cup of Nations) Became The Heart of African Football
CAF was founded in 1957, with Sudan playing a key role along with South Africa, Egypt, and Ethiopia. The first African Cup of Nations (AFCON) was held that same year.
AFCON has produced some of the best talents in world football and produced some of the fiercest national rivalries, including Nigeria vs. Ghana, Egypt vs. Algeria, and Senegal vs. Ivory Coast, to mention a few.
The AFCON trophy was named after Abdelaziz Abdallah Salem, an Egyptian who served as the first president of the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and played a key role in establishing the tournament.
As the tournament grew, so did its format. In 1968, qualifying rounds were introduced to accommodate the increasing number of teams. What started with just three nations was now expanded to 24 teams.
AFCON’s trophies have a history of their own. In 1978, Ghana became the first nation to win the tournament three times, earning the right to keep the trophy permanently. Cameroon repeated the feat in 2000, winning the African Unity Cup after securing three victories.
From 1972 to 1987, AFCON’s reputation soared; by 1984, it had begun attracting major international sponsors.
But AFCON’s impact extends far beyond the pitch. African governments have long used football to inspire national pride and unity. Some countries heavily invest in their teams to ensure their national team brings home the AFCON trophy.
A prime example is Ghana, where President Kwame Nkrumah recognized football’s political and cultural importance. With his government’s financial backing, Ghana won the tournament twice in 1963 and 1965.
AFCON has evolved into Africa’s premier international football tournament, driven by decades of growth, cultural significance, and strategic expansion. The competition has boosted the continent’s football reputation and showcased Africa’s talent to the world.
Despite AFCON’s success, some critics argue that the increasing commercialization of the tournament, especially its heavy association with corporate sponsors like Total, has shifted the focus away from football’s grassroots development.
At the same time, AFCON has become a significant hunting ground for European football clubs looking for new African talent. Scouts from the Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, and Serie A watch the tournament closely, hoping to find the next big star.
Many African legends like Samuel Eto’o, Didier Drogba, Jay Jay Okocha, Asamoah Gyan, and Yaya Toure got international recognition thanks to AFCON. The tournament has helped initiate big-money moves to top European clubs and increased investment in African football.
Today, players like Victor Osimhen, Sadio Mané, Serhou Guirassy, Simon Adingra, Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, and Mohamed Salah continue to use AFCON to gain global recognition.
The international appeal of AFCON has also led to a surge in sponsorships and broadcasting rights. Major global brands like Puma, Total Energies, Adidas, and Coca-Cola have invested heavily in the tournament, recognizing its massive audience and influence.
It’s safe to say that AFCON is more than just a tournament—it is a kingmaker.
AFCON winners since 1957 till date
| Year | Winner | Second Place |
|---|---|---|
| 1957 | Egypt | Ethiopia |
| 1959 | United Arab Republic | Sudan |
| 1962 | Ethiopia | United Arab Republic |
| 1963 | Ghana | Sudan |
| 1965 | Ghana | Tunisia |
| 1968 | Congo Kinshasa | Ghana |
| 1970 | Sudan | Ghana |
| 1972 | PR Congo | Mali |
| 1974 | Zaire | Zambia |
| 1976 | Ethiopia | Guinea |
| 1978 | Ghana | Uganda |
| 1980 | Nigeria | Algeria |
| 1982 | Ghana | Libya |
| 1984 | Cameroon | Nigeria |
| 1986 | Egypt | Cameroon |
| 1988 | Cameroon | Nigeria |
| 1990 | Algeria | Nigeria |
| 1992 | Ivory Coast | Ghana |
| 1994 | Nigeria | Zambia |
| 1996 | South Africa | Tunisia |
| 1998 | Burkina Faso | South Africa |
| 2000 | Cameroon | Nigeria |
| 2002 | Cameroon | Senegal |
| 2004 | Tunisia | Morocco |
| 2006 | Egypt | Ivory Coat |
| 2008 | Ghana | Cameroon |
| 2010 | Egypt | Ghana |
| 2012 | Zambia | Ivory Coast |
| 2013 | Nigeria | Burkina Faso |
| 2015 | Ivory Coast | Ghana |
| 2017 | Cameroon | Egypt |
| 2019 | Algeria | Senegal |
| 2021 | Senegal | Egypt |
| 2023 | Ivory Coast | Nigeria |
Source: Wikipedia
Ten little-known AFCON facts
- Egypt is the most successful AFCON team, with seven titles.
- The first AFCON had only three teams: Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia.
- Mohamed Kallon of Sierra Leone is the Youngest player to score in an AFCON final at 16 years old.
- Essam El-Hadary, Egypt’s legendary goalkeeper, was the oldest player to feature in AFCON at 44.
- Ghana permanently kept the first AFCON trophy in 1978, while Cameroon won and kept the African Unity Cup in 2000.
- Zambia’s 2012 AFCON victory was an emotional moment, as they won the title near the site of the 1993 plane crash that killed their entire national team.
- Ethiopia, in 1976, became the only AFCON host country to fail to win a game during the tournament.
- The AFCON final between Ghana and Libya in 1982 ended in a shootout, marking the first time an AFCON title was decided this way. Ghana won 7-6 on penalties.
- The 1962 AFCON final between Ethiopia and Egypt was the first game in tournament history to go into extra time, with Ethiopia winning 4-2.
- The 2024 AFCON in Ivory Coast set the record for the most goals scored in a single tournament, with 119 goals across all matches.
Tournaments That Defined African Football
African football's growth is not an accident. Over the years, we have witnessed—not once, not twice, not even three times, where African teams have proven themselves time and time again, showing that Africa should not be overlooked when it comes to footballing ability. These moments have left an indelible mark on the sport, from Nigeria's golden generation to Senegal's World Cup breakthrough. Here's a look at some of the most defining tournaments in African football history;
1994 – Nigeria's Golden Generation Takes Center Stage
Nigeria's triumph at the 1994 AFCON was a defining moment in African football. Under coach Clemens Westerhof, the Super Eagles played with confidence and attacking flair, showcasing a style that overwhelmed their opponents. With stars like Jay-Jay Okocha and Sunday Oliseh, Nigeria defeated Zambia 2-1 to claim their second AFCON title. That same year, they became the highest-ranked African team in FIFA's world rankings, reaching 5th place worldwide.
1996 - Olympics in Atlanta; Nigeria's Historic Olympic Gold
Nigeria made history at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, becoming the first African country to win a gold medal in men's football. This victory put African football on the world map and proved that African teams could compete at the highest level.
Coached by Jo Bonfrère, Nigeria's "Dream Team" had an incredible journey in the tournament. In the semi-final, they played against Brazil, a team of stars like Ronaldo and Bebeto. Nigeria was losing 3-1 but made an unbelievable comeback, winning 4-3 in extra time, thanks to a golden goal by Nwankwo Kanu.
In the final, they faced Argentina, another strong team. Nigeria fell behind twice but fought back, and Emmanuel Amunike scored a late goal to seal a 3-2 victory. This win was a turning point for African football.
2002 – Senegal's Rise & Korea/Japan World Cup Shock
The 2002 AFCON and FIFA World Cup marked Senegal's emergence as a football powerhouse. Under coach Bruno Metsu, the Teranga Lions stunned the world with their physicality, speed, and tactical intelligence. Their historic victory over Sweden in the World Cup Round of 16 propelled them into the quarter-finals, making them only the second African team to achieve this feat. Senegal's unexpected success not only put the country's football on the map but also helped its players secure major moves to top European clubs.
2010 – Egypt's Historic Three-Peat
Egypt dominated African football in the late 2000s, winning three consecutive AFCON titles (2006, 2008, 2010). This historic achievement cemented their status as Africa's most successful national team, extending their AFCON title count to seven. No other African team had ever achieved such dominance at the continental level. Egypt also holds another record; it has hosted AFCON five times, more than any other country.
The 2010 South Africa World Cup – Africa's Biggest Stage
On June 11, 2010, history was made in Africa as South Africa became the first African nation to host the FIFA Copa Mundial. The tournament was a symbolic, coming-of-age moment for a country that had emerged from apartheid only 16 years earlier.
South Africa's national team (Bafana Bafana) put up a spirited fight but was eliminated in the group stage. Of the six African teams that participated, only Ghana advanced past the first round, making a dramatic run to the quarter-finals.
The 2010 World Cup attracted over 3.17 million attendees across 64 matches, proving Africa's immense passion for football. Before the tournament, many critics doubted whether an African country could successfully host such a large-scale event. However, South Africa's flawless organization silenced the doubters, earning widespread praise for its infrastructure, security, and hospitality.
Reflecting on the event's impact, Dr. Danny Jordaan, CEO of the 2010 FIFA World Cup Organizing Committee, stated: "...we wanted it to be a human story of celebrating the African continent, to rise above South Africa's apartheid-era past, and build on Nelson Mandela's message of social cohesion and reconciliation. We wanted the tournament to contribute to building a new South African nation…"
Aside from football, the 2010 World Cup left a lasting legacy. It contributed to South Africa's infrastructure development and provided an economic boost following the 2008 financial crisis. The tournament also changed global perceptions of Africa's ability to host world-class events, paving the way for more investment in African football.
2019 – Algeria's Tactical Brilliance
Algeria's 2019 AFCON campaign was a discipline, strategy, and teamwork masterclass. Under coach Djamel Belmadi, the Fennec Foxes won every match in their journey to the title, culminating in a 1-0 victory over Senegal in the final. With key players like Riyad Mahrez, Baghdad Bounedjah, and Ismael Bennacer, Algeria combined solid defense with lethal counter-attacks.
2022 – Morocco's Historic World Cup Semi-Final Run
In 2022, Morocco became the first African and Arab nation to reach the World Cup semi-finals. Under the guidance of coach Walid Regragui, the Atlas Lions showcased exceptional skill and determination throughout the tournament. They topped their group with victories over Belgium and Canada and a draw with Croatia. In the knockout stages, Morocco defeated Spain in a penalty shootout during the round of 16 and secured a 1-0 victory over Portugal in the quarter-finals. Their remarkable journey concluded with a 2-0 loss to France in the semi-finals.
Players Who Put Africa on the Global Stage
African football has produced some of the greatest players the world has ever seen. These stars didn't just shine in their home countries; they made history internationally, proving that African talent belongs at the highest level. Some became legends for their skills, others for their leadership, and a few for the impact they had beyond football. Here are the players who helped put African football on the world map.
Didier Drogba
Didier Drogba is more than just a football legend; his impact goes beyond the game. As one of Africa's greatest strikers, he led Ivory Coast to multiple AFCON finals and became a global icon at Chelsea, winning various Premier League and Champions League titles.
What makes Drogba truly special is his role as a humanitarian and peacemaker. In 2005, his speech helped end Ivory Coast's civil war, bringing the nation together through football. Through the Didier Drogba Foundation, he has invested in education and healthcare programs, improving people's lives in his home country. Drogba's leadership, both on and off the pitch, has made him one of the most respected figures in African football.
Samuel Eto'o Fils
Samuel Eto'o is widely regarded as one of Africa's greatest footballers. He won multiple AFCON titles, starred in the Champions League with Barcelona, and remains Cameroon's all-time leading goal-poacher. Eto'o's career didn't just end on the pitch. After retiring in 2019, he transitioned into football leadership, becoming the Cameroon Football Federation (CFF) president. While some critics called him a selfish player, citing his outspoken nature and clashes with coaches, many now admire his selfless leadership as he works to improve football in Cameroon.
George Weah
George Weah's journey is among the most inspiring in African sports history. He became the first and only African player to win the Ballon d'Or (1995), an award recognizing the best footballer in the world.
Weah stood out at PSG and AC Milan, scoring 58 goals in 147 matches. Despite never playing in a World Cup, he won the 1995 FIFA World Player of the Year, proving that African players could compete at the highest level.
Weah's leadership wasn't limited to football; he later became the President of Liberia, using his platform to help his country. Even as a player, he often paid out of his pocket to support Liberia's national team when funding was tight. His dedication to football and his people makes him a true African icon.
Abedi Pelé Ayew
Abedi Pelé Ayew was one of Ghana's greatest-ever players, earning the African Footballer of the Year award three times (1991, 1992, 1993). He was also a key figure in Ghana's 1992 AFCON campaign, finishing as the top scorer. He became a legend at Marseille, helping them win the 1993 UEFA Champions League, making him one of the few African players to win Europe's biggest club competition. His nickname, "Pelé," was given to him before his career began.
Best Football Leagues in Africa
Producing budding world-class talents every year without paying tribute to the African League system is impossible. Many African nations have strong domestic leagues that produce top talents and competitive teams. These leagues don’t just have big infrastructures; they also attract skilled players, passionate fans, and major sponsorship deals.
Here are some of the best football leagues in Africa in no particular order:
Tunisia Ligue Professionnelle 1
The Tunisia Ligue Professionnelle 1 is the strongest football league in Africa. Founded in 1922 by the Tunisian Football Federation (TFF), it has consistently produced some of the best clubs and players on the continent. It has produced five major clubs that have won six CAF Champions League titles. With an estimated net worth of $100.42 million, it is the fifth wealthiest league in Africa. For years, clubs like Espérance de Tunis and Étoile du Sahel have dominated African football.
Linafoot (DR Congo)
The Ligue Nationale de Football (Linafoot) is the top professional football division in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Established in 1958, it has remained one of Africa’s most competitive leagues. It consistently produces top teams and players. Five Congolese clubs have reached the highest level of African club football. Clubs like TP Mazembe and AS Vita Club have dominated continental competitions. Linafoot is currently ranked third among the best leagues in Africa.
Egyptian Premier League (EPL)
Egypt has had a strong domestic league since 1948. Before the 2012 riot tragedy, the Egyptian Premier League consistently attracted the largest stadium crowds in Africa. It has produced some of the most successful teams on the continent. The Egyptian Premier League has been ranked among the top five leagues in Africa. Al Ahly and Zamalek are among the most successful clubs in African football history. After playing matches behind closed doors for five years due to security concerns, fans returned to stadiums in 2017, restoring the league’s vibrant atmosphere.
South African Premier Division (PSL)
South Africa’s Premier Soccer League (PSL) is widely regarded as one of the best-organized leagues in Africa, known for its high-quality facilities, substantial financial backing, and professional management. South Africa has some of the best stadiums and training facilities on the continent, many of which were built for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The PSL is one of Africa’s wealthiest leagues, with major DSTV, Nedbank, and MTN sponsorships. Clubs like Mamelodi Sundowns, Kaizer Chiefs, and Orlando Pirates consistently dominate the league and perform well in continental competitions. The PSL’s professional structure, financial stability, and investment in infrastructure have made it a model for other African leagues.
Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL)
The Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL) has existed since 1972 and remains one of Africa’s top leagues. Many Nigerian players have gone on to shine in Europe and international football. The NPFL has secured some of the biggest sponsorship deals in African football. Teams like Enyimba FC and Kano Pillars have won multiple domestic and continental titles.
Pelé Prediction On An African Team Winning The World Cup
In 1977, football legend Pelé made a bold prediction: "an African nation will win the World Cup before the year 2000." That deadline has passed, yet Africa is still waiting for its first World Cup title.
The closest an African team has come to winning the tournament was Morooco’s historic semi-final run in 2022, followed by quarter-final runs by Senegal in 2002 and Ghana in 2010.
Pelé later extended his prediction to 2010, but African teams have struggled to progress beyond the semi-finals and the quarter-finals. The 2018 World Cup was especially disappointing, as none of the five African teams advanced past the group stage. While Africa continues to produce world-class talent, the dream of lifting the World Cup remains unfulfilled.
Wrapping it Up
Will an African team ever Win the World Cup? Is it realistic to keep hoping? Or is this dream still far-fetched?
CAF President Dr. Patrice Motsepe remains optimistic, "Africa has a rich history of producing exceptional football talents, and we're confident that an African nation will soon claim the World Cup title. Recent achievements demonstrate our potential, such as Morocco's remarkable run to the 2022 World Cup semi-finals and Ghana's impressive 2010 performance. To reach the pinnacle, we must combine hard work and self-belief."
African teams have the talent, passion, and potential to win football's biggest prize. But talent alone is not enough. Success on the world stage requires more substantial infrastructure, better planning, and continuous investment in player development.
Despite the challenges that loom, African football has come a long way. It has produced some of the greatest players in the world, created competitive domestic leagues, and made a lasting impact on global football.
But what more could be achieved if CAF, national teams, and governments worked together to improve the game? Africa already has talent, determination, and sportsmanship; all that's missing is the conditions for players to reach their full potential.
The future of African football is bright. And while the dream of winning the World Cup remains unfulfilled, it is closer than ever.
Further Reading
[1] Michigan State University, "Football & Soccer in Africa," [Accessed: 18-Feb-2025].
[2] Further Africa, "Top 10 Africa’s Greatest Footballers," 07-Sep-2024. [Accessed: 18-Feb-2025].
[3] CAF Online, "CAF Africa Cup of Nations," [Online]. [Accessed: 18-Feb-2025].
[4] AllAfrica, "African Football: Latest Updates and Analysis," [Online]. [Accessed: 18-Feb-2025].
[5] World Soccer, "African Football: The Talent Is There, but Progress Remains Slow," [Accessed: 18-Feb-2025].
